General COMTAM Simulation Procedure for Pressure differential system(Mainly High-rise building)
Step 0 - Preparation
▶ Extract the previous similar project file (*.prj)
▶ Create a simulation progress diary in mathematical language for each step
Step 1-Receive documents and drawings for design and identify customer requirements
▶ Receive documents and drawings & Receive additional missing ones
▶ Discuss simulation direction with customer (whether to allow or disallow architectural design changes, allow or disallow fire protection design changes, prerequisites for desirable smoke control design, etc.)
▶ Calculate the quotation price (Smoke control system diagram and floor plan, number of scenarios)
Understanding CONTAM Programs and Simulations (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
Understanding CONTAM Programs and Simulations (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)Understanding CONTAM Programs and Simulations (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)Understanding CONTAM Programs and Simulations (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
* Understanding CONTAM Programs and Simulations (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
* Understanding Fan/Me, Air Volume/Pressure, and Gas Particles (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
* Required design data - Architecture: Elevation of the building ground level, window diagram (leakage rating of windows should be indicated), equipment list, building status, layout of each building, building floor plan & elevation, fire block diagram, doors set to automatically open in case of fire, automatic fire shutter location and operation criteria, restroom ventilation system (vertical wind direction, duct, fan, damper, etc.), etc. - Fire protection: Smoke control system diagrams, Smoke control floor plans, Smoke control equipment design sheets, data on leakage ratings of dampers for Smoke control and air conditioning, specifications, results of performance-oriented design deliberations, scenario options, etc.
Step 2 - Identify legal requirements
▶ Check applicable requirements for performance-based-design
▶ Check Domestic fire department guideline requirements
▶ Check local government guidelines
▶ Check compliance with relevant laws and regulations
* Definition of Performance-Based Design (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
Step 3 - Determine scenarios to simulate
▶ Determine scenarios : Max. 24 cases(Ambient conditions x Fire floor cases x Door opening conditions)
▶ Determine simulation method (normal manual, enhanced manual, automated)
▶ Draft simulation report roughly (identify detailed work objectives)
* Understanding the Stack Effect (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
Step 4 - Design Structural Resistances
▶ Decide simulation method (general/enhanced/automated) and pressure loss application method
▶ Prioritize incoming materials for simulation data input
▶ Prepare CAD floor plan, initialize CONTAM
▶ Determine and set the input direction of external conditions (1'st-external 20 degree Celsius & most doors closed condition)
▶Determine the direction of structural design: Determine the color processing criteria for zones, identify building configuration
▶ Detailed design of building structure
- Structural design (after designing one base floor, proceed from the lowest floor to the top floor, and consider wind on the exterior walls from the ground floor)
- General design sequence: Wall, Zone, Airflow elements (Door & window, Wall, Stairwell, Shaft, Floor), Repeating horizontal duct elements on every floor [ADPRD (loss factor set to 200), Smoke exhaust damper, etc.]
- Items requiring special measures: Ramp, evacuation safety floor stairs, automobile pressure damper, inlet air exhaust damper, EV hole, rooftop floor
* ADPRD = Automatic Differential Pressure Regulating Damper
* Graphical User Interface and Status bar (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
e 3 Principles of Flame Retardant Leakage (Leakage Laws) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)The 3 Principles of Flame Retardant Leakage (Leakage Laws) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)The 3 Principles of Flame Retardant Leakage (Leakage Laws) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)The 3 Principles of Flame Retardant Leakage (Leakage Laws) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
* The 3 Principles of Flame Retardant Leakage (Leakage Laws) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
* Electricity and Fluids (CONTAM Elementalization of Dampers) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
* Wind pressure profiles for exterior walls of ground floors : CONTAM Input Data | NIST --> Download ALLDATA.ZIP --> See WINDPRS.LB2
Step 5 - Design Duct System Resistances
▶ Design and set up horizontal duct elements for every floor repeat (performed in Step 4)
▶ Setting up vertical duct elements (individual input of pressure loss coefficients according to the implementation conditions)
▶ Design and configure non-repeating horizontal duct elements (horizontal ducts before and after the fan, etc.) (integrated input of pressure loss coefficient or individual input)
▶ Check and adjust the initial settings of all exhaust duct elements and exhaust fans (performance curve conditions)
▶ Check and adjust the initial settings of all supply air duct elements and supply air fans
* Duct system resistance (starts outside to ends outside) = Inlet system effect (AMCA 201-02/Section 9) + Fan system Effect (ASHRAE or SMACNA) + Straight duct friction losses and fittings losses (ASHRAE or SMACNA) + Pressures in the zones where the inlet/outlet is located.
* Precise meanings of elemental pressures in CONTAM (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
Step 6 - External wall airtightness validation
▶ Determine the leakage tendency of each floor to the outside air (Building Pressurization Test)
Step 7 - Settings of specific weather/building structure/duct system/contaminants by scenario
▶ Weather settings (first performed in step 4): Ambient temperature and pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, etc.
▶ Reflect expected temperature when zones and ducts reach static state
▶ Building structure settings: doors, windows, exhaust windows that need to be opened, smoke exhaust damper type (on/off or automatic damper angle control type), glass window breakage time, etc.
▶ Pollutant settings: type and amount of combustibles, etc.
* Understanding Fans (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)et weather conditions (Ambient temperature, barometric pressure, wind) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)Set weather conditions (Ambient temperature, barometric pressure, wind) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)Set weather conditions (Ambient temperature, barometric pressure, wind) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)Set weather conditions (Ambient temperature, barometric pressure, wind) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)Set weather conditions (Ambient temperature, barometric pressure, wind) (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
* Temperature of window breakage after a fire : interFIRE, A site dedicated to improving fire investigation worldwide.
* Chemical Composition of Smoke (contamsmulationlab.blogspot.com)
Step 8 - General manual simulation by scenario
▶ 8.1 : Balancing to fulfill the required 'validity items' of the project by scenario
A. Scenario-specific stabilization balancing procedure (Run -> Check results -> Modify -> Repeat)
a. Check the adequacy of the building structure and duct system: Check and correct abnormal flow or abnormal leakage of the building structure and supply/exhaust paths
b. Check whether it is necessary to equalize the leakage area of exterior walls between floors (wind chambers, flap dampers, etc.) and take measures
c. Schematic balancing of air volume of all fans
d. Balancing ADPRD between layers in the core: median damper loss factor of about 200, adjusting the deviation between the maximum/minimum differential pressure layers to about 8Pa or less, and shifting the differential pressure of all layers by adjusting the fan air volume
e. Check and adjust major loss coefficients by core: Fan air volume control damper, Co/Cb/Cs
f. Air volume balancing between 2 or more fans in the core
g. Precise balancing of special ADPRDs
h. Smoke propagation zone check
B. Repeat steps 7 ~ 8-A for each scenario
▶ 8.2 : Final check on whether the project meets the required 'validation items'
Step 9 - Specific enhanced manual simulation by scenario (= validation of Step 8)
▶ 9.1: Conversion of supply air fan model to performance curve type
A. Select a performance curve for each specific supply air fan that satisfies all the specifications of the various scenarios in Step 8 (must be applied to the fan manufacturer to be purchased).
B. Input the fan model to the selected performance curve type
▶ 9.2: Balancing to fulfill the required project 'validity items' by scenario
A. Scenario-specific stabilization balancing procedure (Run -> Check result -> Modify -> Repeat)
a. Set the fan air volume control damper blade angle (find the loss coefficient that satisfies the air volume in step 8)
b. Re-check the items of step 8.1-A
B. Repeat the above 9.1 and 9.2 steps for each scenario
▶ 9.3: Final check whether the project meets the required 'validity items'
Step 10 - Comprehensive automation simulation (= integrated verification of each scenario in a prj file)
▶ Apply the control functions of control elements (ADPRDs, Fan volume control dampers, inverters, etc.)
▶ Perform simulations in one project file while changing conditions (see step 7) for different scenarios
▶ Check for legality and conformity
Step 11 - Finalization of Fan Specification or Fan Type
▶ Option 1 (when simulating up to Step 8) = Proposing fan specifications for each scenario
A. Finalize fan specifications for multiple scenarios for one fan (in sequence)
B. resent fan specifications for all the above scenarios (indicating fan static pressure and pressure with temperature or density conditions at the fan inlet side)
▶ Option 2 (when simulating up to step 9 or 10): Proposal to finalize fan performance curve
* Considerations for determining the fan type: Margin, Surging, etc.
Step 12-Prepare report
Step 13-Review the report
▶ Review simulation file and report for validity
EAM TAEKYOUNG, Director KOREA CONTAM Simulation Lab. CP : 82-10-4359-9324 E-mail : malchus@naver.com, malchus5450@gmail.com
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