A case where a fire on a high floor resulted in casualties on a lower floor?
Q (Research Institute): Are there any cases around the world where smoke from a fire on the upper floor of a high-rise building spread to the lower floor?
A(chatGPT): There have been several cases around the world where smoke spread from upper floors of high-rise buildings to lower floors. These incidents provide important lessons in many areas, including building design, fire safety standards, and evacuation planning. For example, the 2017 Grenfell Tower fire in London is one such example, where the fire quickly spread throughout the building, causing many casualties. This incident highlighted the safety of building materials, the importance of fire response systems, and the importance of evacuation plans in high-rise buildings.
Another example is the 2010 Shanghai apartment fire in Shanghai. The fire broke out during construction, and flames and smoke quickly spread to the upper floors of the building, causing many casualties. This incident also reaffirmed the importance of fire safety standards and fire protection systems inside buildings.
These high-rise fire incidents are contributing to strengthening safety standards around the world, calling for improved and stricter enforcement of building and fire safety regulations.
Q (Research Institute): Are the above cases really cases where smoke from a fire in the upper floor spread to the lower floor?
A(chatGPT): Let me clarify the examples I provided earlier.
Grenfell Tower Fire (2017, London): The fire started in the building's external cladding and quickly spread to upper floors. Because the fire itself spread primarily along the exterior of the building, there are no reports of smoke spreading directly to lower interior levels. However, it is highly likely that the entire building was severely affected and that smoke filled the interior.
Shanghai Apartment Fire (2010): This fire broke out during building construction, started primarily on the exterior and spread throughout the building. In this case as well, there are no specific reports of smoke spreading directly from the upper floors to the lower floors, but the fire affected the entire building.
In these cases, the fire spread primarily through the exterior of the building, with no specific reports of smoke spreading directly to lower levels of the interior. However, if a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, the spread of smoke can affect the entire interior of the building, posing a significant safety risk to occupants.
Q (Research Institute): Were the days when the two cases occurred seasonal in the summer?
A(chatGPT):The Grenfell Tower fire and the Shanghai apartment fire occurred at different seasonal times.
The Grenfell Tower fire occurred on June 14, 2017. This corresponds to the summer season in London, England.
The Shanghai apartment fire occurred on November 15, 2010. This corresponds to the transition from fall to winter in Shanghai, China.
Therefore, the two events occurred in different seasons. Differences between summer and fall/winter can affect fire spread and response, and seasonal factors can play an important role in fire development and response.
Q (Research Institute): What floors of each building were the two fires on?
A(chatGPT): Let me explain the specific floor numbers of the Grenfell Tower fire and the Shanghai apartment fire:
Grenfell Tower Fire (London, 2017): Grenfell Tower was a 24-story building. The fire started in an apartment on the fourth floor and quickly spread throughout the building.
Shanghai Apartment Fire (Shanghai, 2010): The building where the fire occurred was 28 stories high. Information about the exact number of floors where the fire started is unclear, but the fire is reported to have started during construction and quickly spread to upper floors.
Both incidents were large-scale fires that occurred in high-rise buildings, and are important examples of how fires spread in each building.
Q (Research Institute): The summer stack effect can move smoke from an upper-level fire to the lower level in the early stages of a fire. The above two cases do not satisfy both the conditions of a summer fire and an upper-floor fire!
A(chatGPT): Yes, the summer stack effect can affect the movement of smoke during a fire, and upper-level fires can contribute to the spread of smoke to lower levels. Neither the Grenfell Tower fire nor the Shanghai apartment fires meet these conditions. Although the Grenfell Tower fire occurred in the summer, it started in the lower floors, while the Shanghai apartment fire occurred in the transition from autumn to winter, and information about the exact floor number where the fire started is unclear.
If you are looking for an example of smoke propagation to the lower level due to an upper level fire considering the stack effect in summer, you will need to look for other cases. In a high-rise building fire, many factors, including season, building structure, and location of the fire, can affect smoke spread and evacuation plans.
Q (Research Institute): Please tell us about a case where a fire broke out in the upper floors of a high-rise building in the summer!
A (chatGPT): Although specific details about high-rise fires that started on the upper floors during the summer were not readily available, one notable example of a high-rise fire that started on the upper floors was the One Meridian Plaza fire in Philadelphia. This fire occurred on February 23, 1991, on the 22nd floor of a 38-story building. Although this incident did not occur in the summer, it is a representative example of a fire on the upper floors of a high-rise building.
For high-rise fire incidents that occur in the summer, especially fires that occur on upper floors, the information available is not as detailed or specific. High-rise fire dynamics can vary significantly depending on a variety of factors, including building design, fire location, and environmental conditions.
Opinion/Research Institute
Based on the results of the above review, it appears that there have been virtually no cases in which smoke from a fire in a high-rise building due to a stack effect in the summer spread to lower floors and caused significant casualties. The reason is that, in the early stages of a fire, smoke from a high-rise fire may spread to the lower floors, but as the fire grows to a certain extent, the smoke flowing into the vertical shaft becomes high temperature and moves to the upper floors.
The above results can serve as evidence that it may not be a problem even if upper-floor fires in the summer are excluded from consideration when designing a pressure differential system (PDS).
This in turn could mean that there is a possibility that PDS for a neutral zone position control could actually be a useful solution for high-rise building fires.
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